EU enlargement offers opportunities for Balkans

The European Union enlargement process is finally bringing the Balkan countries closer to EU membership. This process has had a major impact on the agricultural sectors in the candidate countries and, in particular, in the countries of South-east Europe.

Many concerns have been raised about what agri-food trade relations between South-east European countries and the EU will look like after accession, as well as the possible consequences of European policies towards the candidate countries, as well as the future reform of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy ( CAP). As the EU continues to strengthen its position as a global agri-food powerhouse, the Western Balkans, with Albania at the forefront, is poised to take advantage of this lucrative market opportunity.

The Balkan countries have many regional foods and agri-products that are nationally or, at most, regionally known. However, having quality food products is not enough to ensure success in competing internationally with European businesses. To be successful, Balkan producers and importers must be aware of market conditions and requirements. Supporters of the change believe that this is a great opportunity for the region.

EU standards are some of the most demanding in the world, which is why consumers trust their products so much. Therefore, it is good that the countries of the Western Balkans and other regional nations know from the beginning what standards they need to meet in order to be able to successfully penetrate the EU market.

Meeting the EU’s growing need for agri-food imports

After the US and China, the EU stands as the third largest importer of agricultural and food products worldwide. In 2021, the EU’s total agri-food imports approached a staggering €171bn, a figure that grew by an impressive 32 per cent in 2022, reaching €172bn.

The EU is the main partner of the Western Balkans, accounting for 81 per cent of exports and 58 per cent of imports in 2021. In 2022, the total value of agri-food trade between the EU and the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) was approximately €5.26bn (exports) and €3.15bn (imports).

Nevertheless, the Balkans only accounts for 1.82 per cent of the EU’s total trade, which shows plenty of room for growth. This modest figure belies the region’s tremendous potential for growth, as agile Balkan companies continue to explore new avenues for expansion within the EU market.

The EU’s major agri-food exports to the Western Balkans include products such as cereals, dairy, meat, and vegetables. These exports have been on an upward trajectory, contributing to economic growth and regional development.

The potential of fruit and vegetable agricultural products

The potential for Balkan fruit and vegetables in the EU is truly extraordinary. The Balkan region is known for its fertile soil, benign climate and rich agricultural traditions. These factors contribute to the production of high quality fruits and vegetables, which are in demand in the European market.

With their unique flavours and exceptional quality, Balkan agricultural products have the potential to make a significant impact in the European Union. The main fruits and vegetables currently exported to the European Union (EU) include apples, tomatoes, peppers, and grapes.

Between them, the six Western Balkan countries – Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia – have seen their exports of processed fruit and vegetable products to the EU grow by over 100 per cent in the past decade to more than €100m. At the same time, EU exports to the region have risen by 52 per cent.

One of the main advantages of Balkan produce is its organic nature. Many farmers in the region practice traditional and sustainable farming methods, avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and pesticides. This results in fruits and vegetables that are not only tasty, but also healthy and safe for consumption.

As consumer awareness of the importance of organic products increases in the EU, demand for Balkan agricultural products is likely to increase. Additionally, the Balkan region offers a wide variety of produce not commonly found in other parts of Europe. From juicy peaches and plums to flavourful tomatoes and peppers, Balkan produce brings a unique flavour to the European market.

These distinct flavours can appeal to consumers looking for new and exciting culinary experiences. By diversifying the range of fruits and vegetables available, Balkan agricultural products have the potential to capture a niche market within the EU.

In recent years, there has been a growing trend among consumers towards supporting local and sustainable agriculture. This presents an excellent opportunity for Balkan fruit and vegetable agricultural products to flourish in the European Union.

With their proximity to European countries, Balkan farmers can easily transport their produce, ensuring freshness and reducing the carbon emissions associated with long-distance transport. By choosing Balkan agricultural products, European consumers can contribute to the local economy and support sustainable agricultural practices.

And the potential for Balkan exports extends beyond fresh produce. The region has a long history of processing fruits and vegetables into various products such as jams, juices, pickles and preserves. These value-added products have a longer shelf-life and can be exported to different parts of Europe.

A tapestry of tradition and sustainability

Beyond its economic significance, the agricultural sector in the Western Balkans is deeply intertwined with the region’s cultural heritage and sustainable practices. This harmonious blend of tradition and environmental stewardship has fostered a unique agricultural landscape that offers numerous benefits.

I therefore believe that the Western Balkans has the potential to tap into the EU market provided they can challenges related to land management, production capabilities and access to finance. With EU support through trade preferences and capacity-building initiatives, the region can open up new opportunities and boost the growth and development of the agricultural sector in the Western Balkans.

In summary, while challenges exist, the Balkans could thrive in the EU agri-food market by emphasising quality, meeting standards, and capitalising on market access. However, it is essential that the Western Balkans embrace sustainable practices, preserve biodiversity and celebrate cultural traditions to ensure a sustainable future that balances economic prosperity, cultural wealth and environmental stewardship.